Fathom was asked by the European Climate Foundation to consider how various ways of decarbonising aviation can support broader European policy objectives such as boosting economic competitiveness and productivity. To answer the question, we built a model comparing the costs of flying using different types of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs), e-kerosene and hydrogen-powered zero emission flight (ZEF) with fossil kerosene. Some of the key findings are listed below, while section 7 of the report contains recommendations for businesses and